President’s Report: Highlights from the August 2012 Board of Directors (BoD) Meeting

T

he August meetings are usually sultry affairs and never more so than when APA selects a southern city to hold its Annual Convention. That was never more true than this August, on surely one of the hottest (take-your-breath-away hot) weeks of the year. The other thing about Orlando is that it is big, very big. While I was able to eventually find my way around, I never had any clear sense of where I was in the hotel, constantly surprised to find myself lost and found without knowing exactly how I got there. The Convention Center was somewhat more navigable, thanks largely to the fact that about 80% of the place was unoccupied and APA meetings there took up only a compact fraction of the available space.

Another thing about August Board meetings is that a large portion of our time is spent welcoming visitors; and this year was no exception. We had four guests: Don Bersoff, Katherine Nordal, Doug Haldeman, and Nadine Kaslow.

APA President-Elect

Dr. Bersoff is president-elect of APA and he came to tell us about his initiatives as president. He wants to highlight the role of psychologists working with military personnel, reservists and their families to address medical, physical, and psychological impact of war as well as issues of suicide, domestic violence, and sexual victimization.

He asked the Division to provide him with some of our program hours for next year’s Annual Convention in Hawai’i. This has become a routine practice in recent years as presidents have tried to carve out program time to advance particular concerns. Since APA is busy revising how is allocates Division hours, we will have to wait until the fall before knowing if we can support Dr. Bersoff’s request.

His other initiative is to invite and retain academics and researchers within APA. While this is a laudable goal, and Dr. Bersoff agreed the psychodynamic researchers were included in this initiative, I cannot but be wary of the attitude so ably expressed by Alan Kazdin last year that practitioners are of only marginal use to APA. It is certainly no surprise that researchers and practitioners both feel misunderstood by the other (the Division has had and continues to have similar complaints from each group) and I will welcome an effort to genuinely address these concerns.

 APA Practice Organization

Katherine Nordal had some uncommonly cheerful news to offer as the Practice Directorate is getting ready to launch a new public education campaign that specifically addresses psychotherapy as a viable and effective treatment for emotional problems. She warned us that we may not like the ads, assuring us that market testing of ads typically finds that the public likes what the psychologist hates and vice versa. Regardless, this new campaign is an extension of previous efforts; but the addition of a specific focus on psychotherapy is a real step forward. We have a long way to go to break the hold of Big Pharma over the public’s imagination; but perhaps this will help. The ads directly take on the drug ads by having a physician “prescribe” psychotherapy for the patient’s difficulties.

While we are on the subject, APA Council passed a motion “Resolution on Recognition of Psychotherapy Effectiveness,” which is the first time APA has gone on record endorsing the effectiveness of psychotherapy. The resolution is worth reviewing and noticing how many of the citations are from psychodynamic researchers. The full text is at http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2012/08/resolution-psychotherapy.aspx.  Thanks to APA past-president Melba Vasquez and Council Representative Linda Campbell for spearheading this initiative.

Never one to leave us feeling too cheerful, however, Katherine reviewed the increasing threats to adequate reimbursement and in particular the likely impact of Medicare cuts as insurance companies gleefully follow a “race to the bottom” in limiting compensation. While there are some ways to hit back under the protection of parity and other laws/regulations, psychotherapists are facing continued ratcheting of rates downward. There remains the (slight) possibility that a review of Medicare codes scheduled this year to address “psychotherapy” and the relative value of this code compared to every other will result in a slight uptick in the perceived relative value.

If you want more information, read on, but it gets tedious about now. I actually participated in the review of the “psychoanalysis” code last year and have some idea how it works. First of all, this is a process dominated by American Psychiatric Association and the overall code revision is more or less controlled by the American Medical Association. The value of “psychotherapy” will be computed against the relative value of every other code, that is, every other medical procedure. The medical codes are equally geared up, of course, to protect the relative value of “their” codes and one of the ways this is accomplished is by invoking two mantras dear to the heart of bureaucracy: technology and new and innovative procedures. Since “psychotherapy” does not typically claim to rely upon new technologies and innovations, it tends to lose out in the valuation game.

I will note, however, that our team that addressed the value of the “psychoanalysis” code, made the argument that psychoanalysts are treating far more troubled individuals with far fewer resources (e.g., hospitalization) than in the past and proposed that this constitutes an innovation, and secondly that our “technology” has changed in that analysts are much more open, emotionally available, and so on. It was amusing to consider that relational approaches in psychoanalysis can be touted as a “new technology” that all analysts have embraced. More to the point, however, these arguments carried the day and “psychoanalysis” may be in for an uptick in relative value once the government completes its reviews of the other codes up for examination, including “psychotherapy.”

 APA Candidates for President Elect

The next two guests were candidates competing to become APA president-elect beginning in 2013. Both Doug Haldeman and Nadine Kaslow are Division 39 members and both described their plans should they be elected. While Doug is well known to us, having run for president last year, Nadine is also a long time member of the Division.  

Both candidates addressed the failure of APA to fully implement the policy on psychologist participation in illegal detention settings and both promised to review and do their utmost to carry out the policy. Doug addressed the need to develop one “final” policy on psychologist involvement in interrogations, which he felt would supersede the PENS Report. Nadine spoke forcefully on what she sees as a failure of leadership on the part of APA and a need to fully address and apologize for this failure, specifically a failure to align our organization solidly behind the other professional organizations that took much more forceful measures to oppose involvement of behavioral and psychiatric interventions with detainees.

 Nadine Kaslow, PhD

Nadine Kaslow work at Emory University School of Medicine has been primarily in the area of family violence, cultural diversity, women’s issues, and training concerns, including supervision. She is the editor of Family Psychology. Her presidential initiatives include addressing the role of psychology within a health care system that will greatly change as a result of impact of ACA, developing new and innovative ways to ensure that graduate students and ECPs are able to successfully navigate the “pipeline” (graduate school to internship to postdoctoral to career), and working to sustain APA’s vision as an organization dedicated to science, practice, and public service. Nadine’s campaign information may be accessed at http://www.nadinekaslow.com/campaign/.

Doug Haldeman, PhD

Doug Haldeman at the University of Washington has worked and taught primarily in the area of cultural and sexual diversity. He has been instrumental in bringing issues of cultural, ethnic, and sexual diversity to the forefront of APA policy including development of APA Guidelines for Psychotherapy Practice with Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Clients. His presidential initiatives include expanding the definition of family in research and treatment efforts (that is, to provide a more inclusive and culturally sensitive definition of family), addressing the “mind-body” connection in developing comprehensive approaches to treatment (for example, including the role of exercise, diet, body work and breathing techniques, and so on), and developing interventions to address “ordinary life traumas,” such as bullying, subtle racism/sexism/ageism, etc. Doug’s campaign information may be accessed at http://president.drdoughaldeman.com/.

Both candidates are extremely well versed in APA governance and politics, an essential for success of any presidency. While we had set aside time to discuss possibility of endorsing one or the other candidate, the BoD quickly came to the decision that both candidates would be excellent in various ways and we voted to support each of them.

Please remember to vote (balloting begins on September 14) and we urge you to vote for both of these candidates. Also remember to completely fill out your ballot. Although I have no idea why APA uses the Hare system, or how it works the one thing I know (or have been told) is that filling out the ballot completely actually helps elect your preferred candidate.

Transitions

We also had some basic housekeeping items to announce.  Shortly after the Spring Meeting, Tamara McClintock Greenberg announced she was resigning from the Board and from editorship of InSight. This left some important positions to fill and Marsha McCary was appointed by the Board to complete Tamara’s term on APA Council. Kristi Pikewiecz was appointed by Henry Seiden for the Publications Committee to assume role of editor of InSight. Tamara conceived and launched our online newsletter, InSight, and her contributions in this role as well as her work on the BoD and APA Council will be missed.

As previously announced, we will be welcoming a new BoD member in January, Dana Castellano, as secretary (who helpfully subbed as secretary for part of the August meeting). While Past President Mary Beth Cresci, Secretary Dennis Debiak, and Members-at-Large Marilyn Charles and Jill Bellinson will be completing their terms at the end of the year, they will return as newly minted members in January, with Marilyn as APA Council Representative and Mary Beth, Dennis, and Jill serving as Members-at-Large.

And All the Rest . . .

You should be able to delve further into some of the following issues by reading reports on the web site, but I want to highlight some important news and initiatives.

·         We have a new Task Force, Psychoanalysis and the Humanities, with Spyros Orfanos as chair. Frank Summers has been working with Spyros and other task force members to increase integration of the humanities in our overall mission, for example, to have a wider range of the liberal arts professions represented as both presenters and participants at our meetings.

·         While the budget situation for 2013 is uncertain at this point, the BoD approved in principle a request from the Multicultural Committee (and an initiative from Frank Summers as incoming president) to greatly increase support for minority graduate students and ECPs to attend the Spring Meeting. This is part of our larger commitment to diversity and development of a new generation of members and leaders to keep the mission of the Division alive and revitalized by being more inclusive in reaching out to new members. While we will need to plan and evaluate this investment (for example, should we focus more on ECPs versus graduate students, we have certainly found that reaching out with financial support has paid dividends in retaining those awarded support as members, and has led to their increased involvement in Division leadership.

 

·         Also, the Multicultural Committee has worked with the Awards Committee to develop a new award that will be announced in 2013 for members who have made significant contributions in the area of racial, cultural and sexual diversity.

 

·         Our Fund for Psychoanalysis initiative has been successful in that we currently have more than enough in pledges to begin thinking about the actual mechanics of distributing funds once available. We still need some contributions to get us “over the top” and hope to be in operation by 2014. Dennis Debiak reported on some of the details we will need to address before sending out a “call” for grant requests.

·         The BoD approved a contribution to the 2013 Child Mental Health Summit. In the two years since the last Summit, Jill Bellinson has been working actively with this group and has been able to make the case that psychoanalytic thought and treatment need to be represented at the Summit next year. Her participation with this group has yielded significant recognition of the importance of a psychoanalytic perspective within APA governance.

·         We had what we hope is only the first of many future meetings of Division members who are also Directors of Clinical Training (DCT) as they came together to share their troubles, concerns, and successes in maintaining psychoanalytic theory and training as part of their graduate programs. There was a lively discussion and a wide range of experiences, from those who felt the accreditation process by the Committee on Accreditation (CoA) to be wholly biased against psychoanalytic programs, to those who had more positive (or at least neutral) experiences. Nancy McWilliams has previously written about this meeting and her summary can be found on our web site under Education and Training Committee Reports. The important point is that our Division may help spearhead efforts to both assist DCTs in their task of coping with CoA, as well as work to have more influence with CoA. We are also considering either including internship directors in these discussions or developing separate venue, since they are facing similar concerns in meeting APA accreditation standards while being true to a psychoanalytic vision for training interns.

·         The Publications Report is also on the web site but some quick observations. First of all, the journal has vastly improved on a number of measures, with the most understandable being that it is the third most cited psychoanalytic  journal, that is, our journal articles have been cited by other articles at a rate that places us third (and ahead of JAPA!). Also, our editor, Elliot Jurist, reported substantial submissions from graduate students and early career professionals applying for the Stephen Mitchell Prize, a vast increase over past years.

There were many other issues discussed at the meeting, some of which may be found under committee reports on the web site, some of which I will address in future blogs. As always, you may comment directly at this site, or write to me at drmacg@comcast.net. Hope the rest of your summer goes well.

Psychoanalytic Consortium

President’s Column

Psychoanalytic Consortium Meeting

May 2012

The Psychoanalytic Consortium consists of the four major psychoanalytic organizations in this country[1]. It was formed after the settlement of the lawsuit brought by a group of psychologists (GAPPP) affiliated with Division 39 against the American Psychoanalytic Association to open training resources to psychologists. Its purpose was to develop improved communication and collaboration among these organizations. The Consortium developed guidelines for public officials and the public clearly describing the nature and purpose of psychoanalytic training (more on that later).

Its primary accomplishment over the last twenty years has been the development of guidelines for psychoanalytic education that led to the formation of the Accreditation Council for Psychoanalytic Education (ACPEInc.org), an independent accreditation body for psychoanalysis. While ACPE continues its efforts to both accredit institutes and win recognition from the Department of Education (DoE) as an accrediting body, these tasks increasingly will be supported by the funds generated by ACPE rather than by the Psychoanalytic Consortium.

Why Accreditation? For some of our members, the issue of accreditation has been received with indifference and even opposition. For those members who are not institute-trained the concerns about accreditation seem distant, even arcane. For some institute leaders, accreditation has seemed like an additional “hurdle” for both the institute and candidates. Obviously the Division’s financial support for ACPE has limited our ability to fund other worthy projects.

We have pursued this aim to establish ACPE for several reasons. The first has been to provide a “level playing field,” that is, a definition of psychoanalytic training that is flexible enough to accommodate different traditions, theories, and approaches while providing a transparent process that would enable institutes to be on an equal footing with other institutes. By seeking recognition of ACPE by the DoE, we will also have a nationally recognized standard for psychoanalytic training that both the public and legislators can rely upon in addressing issues such as education loans and state licensure.

Why should we care? One reason to care is largely defensive. Without a nationally recognized standard for psychoanalytic training, individuals and organizations will increasingly attempt to impose their own standards as definitive. More and more state legislatures are being asked to define psychoanalysis as a separate practice subject to separate licensure. The “standard of care” for psychoanalytic practice could be increasingly defined as a sub-doctoral and non-mental health profession requiring medical oversight. In addition, if once-a-week psychoanalyses are defined as “standard,” seeing analysands more than once a week might be considered non-standard.

Another reason to care is for our profession. Even for those who will not attend an institute, the development of clear and transparent standards for psychoanalytic training will mean that psychoanalytic education will be seen as a “normal” advanced specialization of the mental health disciplines, providing a clear rationale for psychoanalysis as only one of many mental health specialties rather than seen as a separate discipline unrelated to mental health. While psychoanalysis has been and continues to be informed by the liberal and scientific arts in the widest sense, as a treatment its basis is in relief of suffering and the nurturance of emotional and interpersonal growth and change.

Whither the Consortium? The establishment of ACPE as a separate organization has clearly been a successful effort on the part of our organizations and from what I have learned of the “early days” in the Consortium, one that would not have necessarily been predicted at the beginning. I believe that our Division 39 leaders, among them Jonathan Slavin, Laurie Wagner, and Lew Aron played pivotal roles in moving the Consortium toward this resolution. In this column I will review some additional projects and potential projects we have been discussing.

Before doing so, however, I want to make a personal observation about my experience on the Consortium. I came with a whole set of ideas and fantasies of the role of the American Psychoanalytic Association within psychoanalysis. While I was aware that the “old days” when members (almost) came to blows were long past, I was certainly wary enough that even the friendliest of gestures might mask ongoing efforts to advance an agenda and monopolize issues for APsaA’s benefit. And regardless, APsaA is the elephant in the room. Although is has as many members as Division 39, it has a budget that allows it to offer $100,000 yearly in research grants, that allows it to hire a publicist, and so on, resources we cannot hope to approximate. They cannot help stepping on a few toes!

My actual experience with APsaA president, Warren Procci, and president elect Bob Pyles did not match my initial wariness. Not only did Warren and Bob take an active interest in developing greater collaboration with our organizations, Warren invited me to speak to their BoD on two occasions in order to present some of the ideas originally developed out of our Division 39 meetings. It occurred to me later that the Division had never extended a similar invitation to an APsaA president. I think it is time for our organizations, or at least the Division 39 leadership, to recognize that a sea change is occurring within psychoanalysis and within APsaA in particular.

I want to emphasize that these changes may spell a new kind of challenge for Division 39. If APsaA becomes a more open organization, it may attract many psychologists and others who would not formerly have associated with APsaA because of its exclusionary practices. In addition, within not very many years, the leadership within institutes and APsaA will be mainly psychologists and social workers (the incoming president-elect is Mark Smaller, a clinical social worker). These changes will make APsaA more “competitive” in attracting members and pose an increasing challenge to the ever challenging question of Division 39: Are we mainly psychologists or mainly psychoanalytic psychotherapists?

Adding one more “pitch” for ACPE: After initial uncertainty whether APsaA institutes would embrace the ACPE process and apply for accreditation, we are now at the point that many more APsaA institutes have applied to ACPE than non-APsaA institutes. If that continues, ACPE will be dominated by APsaA institutes. We have been conducting outreach efforts to “our” institute leaders for several years and hope that they will see the value of contributing to establishing ACPE as representative of the vast majority of psychoanalytic institutes.

Certification: Certification as a psychoanalyst is available to only two professional groups, that is, only clinical social work and psychology have established independent organizations that review and certify members as psychoanalysts. For psychology, of course, it is the ABPP in Psychoanalysis that was established largely through the efforts of Division 39 members. In addition, the American Psychoanalytic Association (APsaA) has a certification process for graduates of its institutes (regardless of profession). Although independent of the individual institutes, certification is very much an ‘in house” process largely connected to APsaA training needs, that is, need to approve supervising and training analysts. Finally, the American Academy of Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry (AAPDP) does not have an equivalent certification process available for psychiatrists (the AAPDP is affiliated with the American Psychiatric Association [ApsyA] and the odds of establishing an equivalent certification process within ApsyA is virtually nil).

This lengthy explanation is by way of pointing out that there is no one recognized certification body for psychoanalysis, no equivalent of ACPE for individual analysts. While their respective independent bodies certify clinical social workers and psychologists, psychiatrists (or other medical professionals) not trained in an APsaA institute have no access to certification. While graduates of APsaA institutes may be certified, the process is not truly independent[2].

The Consortium has been struggling with this issue for a few years, attempting to determine if there would be some way of developing a certifying body that would be independent of both institutes and professions. We have explored the possibility of a “super board” that would essentially review and approve certification by other independent organizations. APsaA is likely to move to establish truly independent certification procedures in the next few years. If that happens, at least three of our organizations would be able to recognize as equivalent the certification offered by another group. This would still leave out AAPDP members.

While the goal of a central certification process is appealing, the practicalities remain to be worked out. It is clear that the goal of ACPE is to ensure that eventually all faculty would be certified psychoanalysts and all graduates of ACPE institutes would have certification as a goal for completing training. In fact, however, our current ABPP standards, for example, are quite strict, stricter than most institutes in requiring the applicant to have completed a full analysis before being considered for certification. For APsaA members, their certification process has assured them a way of presenting credentials to supervise and perform training analyses, but would a “super-certificate” make the non-APsaA-trained analyst eligible to do the same at APsaA institutes?

These and other issues remain to be worked out; but they signal the convergence among our organizations for the need for independent agencies to both accredit and certify psychoanalytic institutes and graduates as a way to assure the public of the adequacy of training in this specialty. Within Division 39, of course, we have a long way to go to convince even many of our senior members and leaders to apply for the ABPP and this in turn limits the viability of this certificate to communicate anything of value to the public.[3]

DSM-5: As you know there has been considerable controversy over the new edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). While it has not been published and much remains to be decided, many individuals and groups both within and without the mental health field have called for a more transparent process in revising the PDM and an end to the increasing “biologization” of emotional distress and suffering. There were two issues under discussion at the Consortium and the main issue was how and whether APsaA would issue their own response to the new document. The issue originally before the APsaA BoD in January was whether to become a signatory to the letter circulated by Division 32 (Humanistic Psychology) of APA. They have instead decided to draft their own letter to DSM and will share that with the other members.

For me, however, the more interesting discussion, some of which preceded the meeting, was a review of the original purpose of the DSM. Although it has traditionally been described as a document for psychiatrists to use to insist they were treating “real” illnesses and should be reimbursed for this by insurance companies, this is not the whole or even main story. At least by the time of the DSM-III the primary purpose, at least as described by Robert Spitzer and others involved in that revision, was to develop a research-friendly tool that would allow clinicians to come to some reasonable agreement that depression in Walla Walla was the same thing as depression in Boca Raton. Despairing of finding an approach found in ordinary medicine (where, for example, high blood pressure is meaningless without an understanding of the causes for the rise in pressure), psychiatry would “settle” to at least be able to reliably know that the symptoms observed could be consensually validated.

The point of all this exposition, at least for me, was the realization that the DSM in whatever incarnation it chooses to present itself is a document that is useful for what it purports to do, which is to define symptoms (and maybe even syndromes). What it was not supposed to do, what it shouldn’t do, is serve as a guide to treatment. That said, it is clear that not only do clinicians treat the DSM as a treatment manual, the American Psychiatric Association markets the DSM in precisely this way, hence DSM-IV-TR. As a result this organization makes a fortune in royalties from this misuse of the DSM. It seems to me it is long past due for our clinical organizations to call out the American Psychiatric and the DSM for its distortion of clinical practice. Far more than simply advance the “bioligization” of mental health, the DSM continues to rest on the shakiest of foundations and does not meet the criteria of advancing a biological understanding of mental illness. It does, of course, serve the pharmaceutical companies in their quest for more disorders to allow more drug marketing. But that is not the same as medical science. We do not need to “improve” the DSM; we need to replace it entire. Fortunately we have an alternative and that brings us to the next item we discussed.

Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM): The PDM was the brainchild of Stanley Greenspan and was developed with the support of the Consortium members as well as the International Psychoanalytic Association. It is an impressive document that was well received when first published in 2006, providing an alternative to the DSM symptom focused approach to treatment and offering a way to conceptualize treatment in a clinically rich and empirically sound framework. Unfortunately two things happened. First the PDM was self-published in order to keep the costs down and this limited institutional support for sales. Secondly and more important, Dr. Greenspan died and with him much of the moving force behind it.

Recently there has been an attempt to “revive” and revise the PDM, that is, to literally revise it to update and streamline its contents and to educate both clinicians and researchers about its merits. Concerning the latter, Bob Gordon and Ken Levy have been active in promoting the PDM as a useful way to look at treatment and treatment results. In brief, the point is that the PDM approach (that personality patterns and psychological/emotional etc. resources must be considered as being at least as important as symptoms) might be a useful way to parse out the differential effects of particular approaches in treatment. In other words, depression in a schizoid character requires a different form of treatment than depression in a paranoid character. In addition, process and outcome measures may need to be different with different kinds of patient characteristics.

In addition, a psychologist in Italy, Vittorio Lingiardi, has begun to form an international group of researchers and clinicians to revise the PDM, updating the research that has emerged in the last 7-8 years, adding important sections inadvertently omitted (such as treatment of the elderly) and developing a more consistent marketing approach to emphasize the PDM’s utility as both a treatment guide and research tool far superior to the DSM. While the original authors were all psychoanalytic theorists and researchers, the core assumptions of this document apply to any approach that relies upon psychological interventions. The PDM, like almost all good clinicians, assumes that the bulk of the treatment will be in understanding the personality dynamics that make the symptoms understandable and that treatment must also be guided by a full understanding the person’s strengths and weakness. To give a trivial example, a behavior therapist who assigns “homework” to a client is more likely in the next session to explore why the client did not complete the assignment rather than simply re-assign the task. To do so means to take into account the client’s reaction to being assigned a task rather than simply focus on the task.

There are lots of immediate goals for a new PDM. The first would be to find a commercial publisher to support advertising. The second would be to develop training modules for professionals to help them understand and then communicate with each other using the structural approach advocated. The third would be to encourage researchers to try out the approaches suggested as a way to better refine research protocols by taking into account the whole person rather than circumscribed symptoms. Ideas beyond that include developing a PDM for physicians, a “dumbed-down” guide with requisite checklists that would help family practice docs understand there are a world of treatment options others than pills. Getting more expansive, the PDM might be turned into a “parent guide” allowing parents to access information by completing online information about their child’s emotional difficulties with the result that a printout of recommendations would include the pros and cons of various treatment possibilities and helping them to access such services (and begin to demand such services from insurance carriers).

Public Education: We have been discussing our educational efforts for some time within the Consortium but we realize we are leaving some essential “players” out of the discussion. As a Consortium, of course, we have no direct authority over our boards and public education efforts have been developed in various ways and with various foci among our organizations. To that end, we plan to have a working meeting at our next session bringing together the key public information committee chairs from our organizations, and others as needed, to spend a day looking at our specific efforts but also developing a common message, a “brand” that we could begin to consistently use to define and describe psychoanalysis. My vote goes to “Psychoanalysis is not only a form of treatment but primarily a way of thinking about self, family and society”[4] although it would need to be distilled further.

We also came out with a specific request for our publication editors to ask authors to consider writing short summaries of their research and/or clinical papers that would be accessible (and interesting) to a general reader and post these articles in a central venue that would clearly represent the viability of psychoanalytic treatment and the relevance of psychoanalytic ideas to a general public who only hears that psychoanalysis is passé at best. I will note that Division 39 has already begun to experiment with this idea by posting a series of articles under our rubric on Psychology Today blog, psychologytoday.com/blog/meaningful-you. Kristi Pikiewicz, the newly appointed editor of our online newsletter, InSight, has taken on this task. Within the last two months over 10,000 “hits” have been made to the site.

To get more expansive, we have begun to explore the possibility of increased collaboration at our scientific meetings and conferences. We might, for example, showcase specific outreach approaches at our different meetings and use these sessions to brainstorm other ways we can collaborate in our public service mission. We might hold a two-day Psychoanalytic Consortium Conference inviting all members to take part in a meeting highlighting the many roads to psychoanalytic education. These are some exciting developments and demonstrate a renewed sense of collaboration among our psychoanalytic organizations.

Psychoanalysis and Licensure: Licensure as a mental health clinician is an issue decided on a state-by-state basis and recent efforts to have psychoanalysis defined as an independent, master’s level, mental health treatment have been going on for some years. The latest effort is in Massachusetts and the problems with this particular effort are too difficult to clearly articulate in a short paragraph. The gist is that the bill before the legislature, originally meant to restrict individuals who had lost their license due to ethics violations, has ballooned into a “back door” licensing act that will have virtually no guarantees to protect the public or to require specific standards for those who seek license as psychoanalysts.

Combating this law has not been easy. Those supporting it have every reason to continue to push in order to gain licensure; those opposed can easily be painted as wanting to restrict commercial activity for their own gain, that is, as members of a self-serving “guild.” In addition, state legislatures are notoriously provincial and tend to be unmoved by the concerns of national “players” including our national organizations. At this point, we continue to support communication among our various members in Massachusetts and Division 39 will also work to enlist APA support in opposing this diminution of the value of our license. As noted earlier, the Consortium has previously developed a clear statement on psychoanalytic training that we will distribute to legislators.

Conclusion: If you have made it thus far, thanks. I hope you will have a better idea why we have a Psychoanalytic Consortium and why we have come to the conclusion that we need to work together in many ways to advance psychoanalytic training, education and outreach to the public and other professionals.

---

[1] American Academy of Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry, American Association for Psychoanalysis in Clinical Social Work, American Psychoanalytic Association, and Division of Psychoanalysis of American Psychological Association

[2] I want to emphasize that this is not a criticism of APsaA process. It was developed to meet the training needs of the organization. It was notintended as a public assurance that the person accredited had met standard, transparent criteria to be considered a psychoanalyst.

[3] It would take another article to fully explain and defend the need to have both accreditation and certification of psychoanalytic training. Clearly institutionalizing psychoanalysis has implications for our professions, not all of them positive. Should psychoanalysis become like all other “ordinary” professions, defining who is and who is not a psychoanalyst? Many object strenuously to ACPE’s defining psychoanalysis as a subspecialty of a mental health discipline requiring specific procedures, including having lengthy, multiple weekly session training analyses, viewing this as rigid, limiting innovation, and contrary to the spirit of psychoanalytic inquiry. Many of those so objecting are strenuously pursuing states-sanctioned licensure of psychoanalysts and developing accreditation procedures that define psychoanalysis as a once a week treatment.

[4] Thanks for Jaine Darwin for coming up with this was of differentiating what we do from how we think. We are able to think (and act) psychoanalytically with out patients even if we are seeing them four times a week, once a week, or having a brief consultation in a nursing home.

President's Blog: June 2012

I am writing to announce the results of the recent election of members and officers to the Board of Directors (BoD). All terms will be for three years. I am pleased to report the following results:

·        Dana Castellano will be our new secretary;

·        Marilyn Charles will be our new representative to APA Council;

·        Jill Bellinson, Mary Beth Cresci, and Dennis Debiak will serve as at-large members.

Thanks to those who competed in this election. We had a very full slate of nominees for this year and their many contributions to the Division will certainly continue. In fact, all candidates this year also serve as committee members or chairs and I trust they will continue their important.

Finally, I would like to express my appreciation for those members who will be leaving the BoD. Usha Tummala-Narra will complete her term as At-Large member at the end of this year; and Tamara McClintock Greenberg has resigned as representative to APA Council and a new representative will be appointed by the BoD later in the month.

That said, I would like to address two issues that arise as I reflect on these results. The first is that very few of our members participated in the election. It looks like only 346 ballots were sent in. While I do not know the exact number of eligible voters, this figure must be less than 15% of our eligible members. I am puzzled why more of our members did not vote, especially in these very competitive elections. I would appreciate any thoughts about this, especially from those who did not vote this year.

My second issue is a broader one and concerns leadership development in the Division. In the past, the primary vehicle for members becoming active in the Division has been through participation at our Spring Meeting and involvement in our Sections. The Sections, in particular, were formed more or less as political entities to bring certain concerns and/or constituents into the Division. To give one example, Section III: Women, Gender and Psychoanalysis, was vital in bringing women into Division leadership and eventually Division governance. In recent years a number of Sections have lost members to the point that two became inactive and several others have lost certain rights and privileges within the Division due to declining numbers. While the sections served and continue to serve as an important function within our organization, we increasingly found that we also needed to appeal to other subgroups within psychoanalysis and the Division.

(Before addressing this issue, I want to make a distinction clear. Sections are independent subgroups of the Division that are able raise funds from their members and who may allocate these funds to advance their mission without any specific oversight or control by the Division. Committees are “creatures” of the Division leadership, appointed by the president for time limited terms for the purpose of carrying out the mission defined by Division leadership Their funds come solely from the Division budget.)

For a number of years a solution evolved to involve subgroups of members through our committee structure. Credit belongs to many in the Division, but probably Jonathan Slavin’s revamping of the Graduate Student Committee provided a model for others to follow. The general idea has been to see these “diversity” committees (Graduate Student, Early Career, Candidate, Multicultural and Gender Identities and Sexualities) as an entrée into Division governance and then to “seed” members of these committees into other, more broad-based committees. As a result, every committee is charged with having either a member or liaison who represents the diverse interests of the Division and members who started our on one of the “diversity” committees are expected to move into other leadership positions. This has worked quite well in having a very lively and diverse committee structure. To take only one example, many of our committee chairs are early career members. A number of our committees meet more frequently than our BoD and have been highly involved in supporting attendance at the Spring Meetings.

We have assumed all along that having more diversity within the committee structure would lead perforce to more diversity among our elected board members. With few exceptions, this has not happened. We have had many nominees in the past few years who have failed to be elected. There are many reasons for this, chief among them the fact that our members are more likely to vote for “known quantities,” and so early career candidates, in particular, tend to be overlooked. In my opinion, this is more or less inevitable and is certainly not likely to change.

The fact is that our campaigns for office rarely rise to the level of a genuine competition between competing visions for the Division and instead depend upon the more intangible and personal. And one reason for the low turnout is that members tend to vote only for those candidates whom they know personally. One example is that only 270 ballots were cast for Secretary and the two candidates were both early career members. As noted above, 346 ballots were cast for the At-Large positions and the candidates who won were among the better-known members of the Division. Again, this is democracy in action and may reflect as much as anything the ambivalence all our candidates have in politicking. Perhaps we need a Karl Rove to help lesser-known candidates. Then again . .

The BoD has begun to address this issue and to explore to what extent the Nominations and Elections Committee has the power to shape ballots in such a way as to increase the likelihood of more diversity on the BoD. Alternatively, we have considered whether and how to go to our membership with suggested changes to our governance structure. One suggestion would be to add members to the BoD by providing for an early career seat and/or a seat for a member of a racial/cultural/sexual minority. Another possibility would be to restrict one of our at-large seats each year to a “diversity” candidate broadly defined. The way this has worked in other Divisions is that this category is open to a defined category of membership, although members in that category might choose to run for another office as well. Either option would require a bylaws change.

We have been pleased in recent years with an active graduate student presence at out meetings and in our committees. I would suggest that it would be important to have a graduate student presence on our BoD and even more important to allow our graduate students to participate in our elections. This would require a change in our bylaws as well.

Another constituency in the Division consists of our Affiliate Members, those members, mainly psychologists, who join the Division but do not join APA. Our membership last year failed to approve a bylaws change that would allow those members voting rights in the Division. Without revisiting this issue, the fact remains that many colleagues who resigned from APA experience affiliate status in the Division as “second class.” One change that might be considered would be to allow Affiliates to have a representative on the BoD. This would also require a bylaws change.

Another set of ideas and concerns that arose from our recent Board and Committee Retreat has been the increasing absence of psychoanalytic ideas from undergraduate education, so that young psychologists come to graduate school with no background in psychoanalytic ideas, or worse a blinkered and inaccurate view of psychoanalysis as “failed science.” While there are a number of ways to reintroduce psychoanalysis into colleges and universities, and local chapters such as the Arizona Society are doing a great job attracting undergraduate students to informal “clubs” where psychoanalytic ideas are explored, one thing the Division might do is open up our membership to undergraduates.

One of the concerns raised last year during the bylaws debate was the fact that members felt surprised by the actions of the BoD, felt the membership had not been adequately informed and had even been deliberately left out of any meaningful input. I believe we have made an effort through these presidential columns, through InSight, and through the president’s lunch during our Spring Meeting to invite all our members to participate in Division governance, to be informed as fully as possible and to have a forum to discuss their concerns. We are considering developing a new interactive listserv for our members that will also provide a vehicle for member participation. I hope that members will review the concerns and suggestions I have reviewed above and offer their thoughts and opinions, either by commenting on my blog, or writing directly to me at drmacg@comcast.net

Institutionalizing Psychoanalysis

I will assume that the title of this article raises as many hackles as plaudits from our members. Much of the history of psychoanalysis has been the point-counterpoint debate between those who have attempted to make psychoanalytic theory and practice conform to the “normal” development of a medical specialty or scientific discipline and those who see psychoanalysis as sui generis, a humanistic endeavor that can only thrive if unshackled by regulation and prescription. The debate has been exacerbated by the fact that its founder can readily be enlisted on one side or the other. And you may have noticed that yoking together psychoanalysis as both specialty and discipline will also raise howls of protest from those who see the other approach as stifling the progress of psychoanalysis. For my purpose, however, I want to make the case that our Division’s efforts to support “institutionalizing psychoanalysis” serve a vital mission to support psychoanalytic psychology. Not only has the Division made an enduring commitment to this task over the years, but also we have spent handsomely to maintain that commitment. Your membership dues at work!

If you have been reading my columns over the last year, you are aware that our major psychoanalytic organizations, the American Psychoanalytic Association (APsaA), the American Academy for Dynamic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (AAPDP), the American Association for Psychoanalytic Clinical Social Work (AAPCSW) and the Division formed a loose organization, the Psychoanalytic Consortium, over twenty years ago for the purpose of working on common interests in psychoanalytic practice, teaching, training, and research. During these years, the major work of the Consortium has been to develop a common set of standards that can be applied in any program of advanced specialization in psychoanalysis. During the first ten years, the Division did the lion’s share of the work in forging a consensus that eventually led to the development of the Accreditation Council for Psychoanalytic Education (ACPE).

The ACPE is a wholly separate organization that was established to implement the training standards developed by the Consortium and specifically to become an accrediting agency that would be able to review and approve a wide array of training programs that met the criteria outlined in the standards document. In order for this external accrediting agency to have perceived value for training programs, ACPE must eventually seek and obtain the approval of the Department of Education (DoE) to serve in this capacity.

How does this “institutionalize psychoanalysis?” If ACPE succeeds in becoming both recognized by the DoE and increasingly utilized by diverse training programs, psychoanalysts will be able to say to potential patients, colleagues, policy makers, and the public at large that psychoanalytic training is a recognized, accredited specialty of the mental health disciplines with a common set of standards that are open and transparent for review. Will it get us more money, more patients, more respect from colleagues and the public? Perhaps not. But psychoanalysis will inarguably become a recognized specialty for treatment of mental illness and emotional problems.

The Psychoanalytic Consortium was able to launch ACPE and to provide the seed money for it to get started. ACPE has in turn been active in enlisting institutes to apply for accreditation and in the process work out some of the inevitable kinks and snafus working with such a diverse constituency, from large and small psychoanalytic training programs all the way up to the mysteries of DoE bureaucracyspeak. The Consortium members are committed to provide seed money through 2012. After that, ACPE will need to become self-funding through accreditation fees. Once that happens, ACPE will finally become a fully autonomous agency and the Consortium will be able to move on to other common projects. More on that in another report.

Staying on the theme of “institutionalizing psychoanalysis,” over the last twenty years our Division leaders have also been instrumental in developing a process to certify that a psychologist meets criteria to be a psychoanalyst. The American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP) has recognized psychoanalysis as a specialty and the American Board of Psychoanalysis in Psychology has developed rules and procedures to allow psychologists to apply for this certification following completion of psychoanalytic training (or its equivalent). The value of this certification is that it comes from an external organization (ABPP) and is not based on the kind of psychoanalytic training the person has had. The goal that ABPP has had is that all psychologists will routinely apply for an ABPP as part of their postgraduate education, in the hope that this recognition will help the early career psychologist be able to define their specialty before the public and employers.

For many reading this report, the benefits of either accreditation of their institutes (through ACPE) or certification of their psychoanalytic specialty (through ABPP) may seem remote. For many of our members, completing a formal program of psychoanalytic training is no longer a option and this loss, however important, does not interfere with their abiding commitment to psychoanalytic thought, theory, and treatment. For many of our members, applying for one more evidence of skill, one more test of ability, may also seem tedious, pointless, or both.

So it may be difficult to “close the deal” and have your full support for these core commitments of the Division. As individuals, few members of the Division will directly participate or benefit from these initiatives. Even for those that do, it may well be that little personal benefit accrues to the time and expense of seeking an ABPP and that psychoanalytic training will be good or bad regardless of ACPE oversight. It may well be that complying with ACPE requirements or meeting the expectations of an ABPP certification board can only add a burden without offering an advantage. I will concede much of this and more, yet I still want to make the case of the value of these initiatives regardless of how many in the Division actually are personally affected by them.

I propose that ACPE and the ABPP in Psychoanalysis in psychology benefit psychoanalysis as a discipline and psychoanalytic psychology as integral to the science and practice of psychology. The ACPE process, if it succeeds, will mark a major step in allowing our competing psychoanalytic organizations, theories, and diverse histories to find common ground in way undreamt of only twenty years ago. More importantly, in an era where psychoanalysis is routinely dismissed, having recognition from the government, having a common set of standards, is a major step in securing our vision of psychoanalysis as an advance specialization within the mental health disciplines.

Similarly, if we are able to establish the ABPP in Psychoanalysis in Psychology as a certification that is routine among many of our members, we will be able to present a clearer message within APA and to the public at large that our skills and training are worthy of respect and attention. Keep in mind ABPP will accept equivalent training for applicants who are able to demonstrate sufficient training otherwise (and who were otherwise unable to attend an institute due to distance, family obligations etc.).

I hope I have convinced you of the importance of ACPE and the ABPP and that these and other efforts to advance psychoanalysis as a discipline are necessary if not sufficient. Please consider learning more by going to ACPEinc.org (for ACPE) and http://www.abpp.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3360 (for ABPP). While the Division Board has strongly supported these efforts, we continue to seek other ways to advance our discipline within the American Psychological Association and more broadly within the psychoanalytic community. But that is for another report.

President’s Column For November: Executive Committee Meeting

The Executive Committee (EC) of the Division 39 Board consists of the officers of the Division (presidents, secretary, and treasurer) and Division Representatives to APA Council. We meet four times a year, typically the evening before the Division Board of Directors Meeting to clarify the agenda items that will be discussed at the meeting. Once a year, however, we meet separately from the Board, and we met last week to discuss and decide the following issues.

Budget Issues

One of the most important items up for discussion concerned the budget. We are facing a number of “large ticket” items in the coming year and our board and committees will be asked to look very carefully at expenditures. We are actually anticipating an increase in income from member dues, a very rewarding piece of news, since our other source of income (that is, royalties from the electronic version of our journal), while significant, is leveling off. Our other source of income is the profits from the Spring Meeting and that is always a matter of concern, especially in this tight economy. That said, our financial situation is quite stable and under the leadership of Marsha McCary, we have succeeded in building up considerable financial reserves. The Division Board will review and decide on the final shape of our budget in January.

Board and Committee Retreat at the Spring Meeting: April 17-18, 2011

One unusual expense will be for the upcoming retreat. The board members and committee chairs will be meeting a few days prior to the Spring Meeting (April 18-22) to discuss the current issues facing the Division and to help identify priorities for us in the coming years. This will be the first retreat in ten years (also held in Santa Fe). We will be asking our members for their ideas and advice in a more formal way around the beginning of the year, but please let us know your own priorities for the Division by writing me.

Publications

No area of the Division has undergone such a dramatic shift in focus in recent years than our publications. One print publication, Psychoanalytic Abstracts has been reborn as an online publication, PsycScan: Psychoanalysis. The newsletter, Psychologist-Psychoanalyst, has been “retired;” and two new publications, DIVISION/Review and InSight have been launched. Finally, our website has been completely revamped and now is able to make full use of APA’s Internet resources.

Our journal, under Elliot Jurist’s leadership, has become leaner and more oriented to research articles than in the past. This shift has been made partly at the request of the Division leadership, but also as a way to give the journal a higher profile in the publishing world. Without going in to the various ways journal quality is calculated, this new emphasis should help bring the journal up in the rankings of similar journals. As noted above, the journal actually earns money for the Division. APA’s electronic subscription services have rapidly expanded in the last few years both nationally and internationally and the Division shares earning from this service based upon the actual number of journal articles downloaded.

Our new publication this year, DIVISION/Review, has been developed under the editorship of David Lichtenstein who would like the review to become a more general interest psychoanalytic publication that will appeal to a wider public in addition to the Division readership. This shift in focus, however, comes at an increased cost due to a need to improve the production values of the publication to make it more appealing. This is a major undertaking and one that definitely has implications for how the Division seeks to “position” itself within both the psychology and psychoanalytic world.

The monthly online publication, InSight, under Tamara McClintock Greenberg has been more or less established in most members’ minds over the last year as it arrives on our electronic doorsteps on the first of the month. As a publication available to anyone for the price of a request, it too is serving a varied audience and serves as an important reminder and updating service concerning Division activities.

Finally, there is the website, under the editorship of Barry Cohen. In many respects the website is intended to be the main replacement for the old newsletter, in that it has the capacity to highlight breaking news as well as serve as a repository for ongoing reports of our far-flung chapters, sections and committees. We hope to further the development of the site to provide more opportunities for interaction among our members, although we already have a Facebook account that members are free to post. Be sure to “friend” psychoanalysis!

I have focused on the changes in our publications as a way of highlighting our ongoing effort to develop a vision for our Division that meets the diverse needs of our membership. At the same time, our vision is always subject to clarification and reflection. The main goal of our retreat will be to think together about our publications, our meetings, and our outreach and “inreach” efforts to carry out our mission as an organization committed to psychoanalytic psychology.

Council of Representatives

Currently we have seven representatives to APA Council, although we will only have six in the coming year. If members support the Division by giving their ten votes to the Division on their apportionment ballot this month, we will be able to regain our seventh seat. While APA Council meets only twice a year, the work of our council representatives is an ongoing effort to keep abreast of issues of concern to the Division. APA is a vast organization with various boards and committees that play a major role in shaping APA policy. Although APA Council has the final say in the direction of our parent organization, much of the work is always happening “back stage,” including in the various caucuses of Council. Our representatives are active in participating and leading these caucuses, including Divisions for Social Justice (DSJ), Association of Practicing Psychologists (APP) and so on. We are also grateful to our Division members who are serving as liaisons to APA Boards and other areas of APA governance.

Practice Directorate

During our meeting, Katherine Nordal, head of the Practice Directorate and the APA Practice Organization (APAPO) joined us by telephone to discuss the various ways the Division can cooperate with APA and to impress upon the APAPO the importance of protecting patients’ rights to seek psychotherapy including psychoanalytic psychotherapy that is private, secure, and confidential.

The reality is that APA remains highly focused on promoting a vision of psychological care that is based on the concept of “integrated health care” and envisions psychologists working within large healthcare organizations and functioning primarily to direct and evaluate programs rather than perform individual, family or group psychotherapy. While Dr. Nordal expressed her thanks for a list of references documenting the evidence basis for psychoanalytic psychotherapy (compiled by Tamara McClintock Greenberg), it is clear that our view of how to promote emotional growth and change is not a high priority for the APAPO. During the Spring Meeting in New York earlier this year, Ken Levy, in discussing efficacy of psychodynamic psychotherapy, began with the simple but profound statement that long-term change requires long-term work, an observation that applies equally to emotional growth, cigarette cessation, and national infrastructure development. We live in a culture that demands only short-term improvements; and this applies equally to managed care, Wall Street, and our political system. The ability of our members to hold open a space for long-term emotional change (change that continues long after psychotherapy ends) will remain largely our task. We are likely to find allies within other Divisions and members of APA, but it is a struggle that this Division must uniquely bear.

Depressive Disorders Treatment Guideline Development Panel: During our discussion with Dr. Nordal we emphasized again the need for a psychodynamic perspective on the new panel that will be formed to develop guidelines for the treatment of depression. Two members of our Division have placed their names “in the ring” (Tamara McClintock Greenberg and Jared DeFife) and we reminded Dr. Nordal that our nominees for the original task force (that outlined the overall direction of this and future task forces) were not selected. The ultimate problem remains that treatment guidelines for specific DSM-IV-defined disorders is conceptually and practically difficult if not absurd. There is, to paraphrase Winnicott, no such thing as a “depressed person.” At best the guidelines represent an attempt to prevent managed care from developing more onerous and absurd guidelines so that everyone can pretend that what we say we do is what we do. The best result is that the guidelines may help us be more successfully duplicitous with a healthcare system that cares not a whit for health or care. All that is lost, then, is a vision of psychotherapy as a humanistic endeavor to help people develop and deepen their emotional life and connection to others.

Division of Psychoanalysis Endorses Petition to DSM-V Committee

Many of you are aware of the revisions being proposed to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) published under the auspices of the American Psychiatric Association. The efforts of the earlier committees that revised the DSM were understandably directed toward developing standard diagnostic criteria for standard diagnostic categories. While a major reason for this development was to be able to bill for psychiatric services, the DSM has served to bring some order to the vast array of competing theories and descriptions of human ills. Perhaps ending up with a plethora of diagnoses for addicts (is a cocaine addict really all that different from the opiate addict he might be in a few years?), for example, is the price paid for increased order.

The new DSM, however, appears to not only suffer the faults of its predecessors, but to increase those errors in ways that are likely to be pernicious. In addition to the vast increase in behaviors now carrying a psychiatric label, the manual will place even greater emphasis upon pathophysiology as etiological (even in the face of an absence of coherent etiological models).

A number of organizations have weighed in against the proposed changes to the DSM including the British Psychological Society and American Counseling Association. The Division of Humanistic Psychology (32) has been circulating a petition calling attention to the problems noted above and others, calling for the DSM-V Committee to take note of these concerns. Division 32 is asking individuals and group to sign a petition supporting these efforts. The petition may be found at www.ipetitions.com.petition/dsm5

The Executive Committee endorsed this petition and I would encourage our members to go to the petition site and review the information for themselves and consider signing on as individuals. As of today, eleven APA Divisions have endorsed this letter.

Division of Psychoanalysis Endorses Effort to have APA Withdraw the PENS Report

As I reported last time, the Coalition for an Ethical Psychology (CEP) has circulated a petition calling upon APA to annul the PENS report. This report, while it no longer represents APA policy is still being cited as a basis for psychologists making ethical decision concerning involvement with illegally held detainees in Guantánamo and other sites. The petition has been widely circulated and signatories include many individuals and groups that are not psychologists as well. It is available at ethicalpsychology.org/pens

The Executive Committee struggled with the issue of endorsing this petition. There was a clear consensus that the PENS report was adopted in haste and error and should certainly not be used to represent or reflect APA policy. The efforts of many of our members to not only oppose the PENS report but to reverse APA and APA Ethics Committee position that psychologists could operate ethically in assisting in interrogation and other interventions is testimony both to the strong stand they took (wholeheartedly supported by the Division Board) and to their tenacious efforts to work within APA governance structure, however cumbersome and time-consuming.

Our concern in discussing the petition was our inability to see the petition as “moving the ball forward” to actually impact APA policy. The petition certainly addresses the ways the PENS report has continued to influence APA decisions and action, in contradiction to the spirit if not the letter of actual APA policy. While the EC ultimately voted to sign the petition, we have also conveyed to the leadership of CEP our wish and expectation that they will work to identify concrete steps to take to bring the issue of the PENS report to APA, specifically, APA Council of Representatives, and to develop the language and procedure that will actually allow the PENS report to finally be withdrawn as a document that has any standing inside or outside APA.

Division of Psychoanalysis Calls for Revision of the Proposed Ethics Casebook

Years ago, the Ethics Committee was charged by APA Council to develop an Ethics Casebook to clarify what psychologists could and could not do when serving in detention centers where detainees were being held illegally. At the time, there were strong reasons to develop a casebook in the face of several factors: 1) APA policy has long endorsed the principles of the Geneva Conventions that psychologists cannot ethically participate in any way in cruel, unusual, and inhuman treatment of detainees; 2) the PENS report outlined possible ways that psychologists could participate in interrogations of illegally held detainees without violating these prohibitions; and 3) the APA Ethics Code allowed an exception to the prohibitions when and if the psychologist was following “valid orders.”

Subsequently APA Council of Representatives endorsed as APA policy the results of a referendum stating that psychologists could not operate ethically in detention settings such as Guantánamo (with certain strictly defined exceptions). It also endorsed a revision of the Ethics Code to eliminate the “valid orders” exception. Despite this the APA Casebook, as currently published for public review, contains reference to the PENS report, suggests that psychologists are able to decide when and if certain actions constitute torture, and so on. The public comment period was initially slated to end a month ago, but due to protests from a number of members the comment period has been extended until February.

The Executive Committee discussed this issue and our concerns that the Casebook should be either scrapped or extensively revised. While a number of our members have written comments along these lines, it is important that others write down their concerns and let APA Ethics Committee hear your opinions.

Division of Psychoanalysis Calls for the Release of Syrian Psychoanalyst, Rafah Nached

There has been a call from a number of psychoanalytic organizations to protest the arrest of Rafah Nached, a Syrian psychoanalyst. The EC voted to sign the petition calling for her release and to communicate this decision to APA leadership, other psychoanalytic organizations and the State Department.

The following information comes from Roger Litten and Betty Bertrand-Godfrey
(Chair and Secretary of The London Society of the New Lacanian School): “I am writing to you concerning the imprisonment of Rafah Nached, a Syrian psychoanalyst who was arrested on 10 September at Damascus airport when she was on her way to see her daughter in Paris. Rafah is 66 and has heart disease for which she needs medication and we have recently received news that her health is deteriorating. She has been imprisoned and placed in solitary confinement by the Syrian authorities for practicing and transmitting psychoanalysis with her fellow countrymen in Syria. Beyond our concern for Rafah herself, we are concerned for what this imprisonment represents for humanity; the principle of psychoanalysis is speech, the freedom of speech, and thus our fight to save Rafah is also a fight to save the freedom of speech as fundamental to psychoanalysis as well as our humanity. We refuse to be silenced.”

If you want to learn more about this petition or to sign the petition, go to http://www.oedipe.org//phpPetitions/index.php?petition=3

Psychoanalytic Psychology and the APA--Part 2

Psychoanalysts in the News

Hedda Bolgar, recent recipient of the Division 39 Leadership Award, has been honored once again, this time for her further contributions late in life with the Outstanding Oldest Worker Award from Washington DC-based organization Experience Counts. Dr. Bolgar remains, at the age of 102, active, engaged and fascinating. Profiled recently in the LATimes, reporter Steve Lopez described her as having a “healthy cynicism and unflagging energy.” She continues to work and teach at the Wright Institute, an organization she co-founded many years ago. I hope she remains a vital presence in the Division for many more years. To read the article, go to www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-1002-lopez-bolgar-20111002,0,5869414.column

And While We are at It

Belated birthday wishes to Sylvia Brody, who turned a mere 98 years of age this month. Dr. Brody, psychologist, psychoanalyst, and developmental researcher, came to prominence with her books documenting her observational, clinical, and theoretical studies on maternal behavior and child development. Among her contributions were Patterns of Mothering (1950), Anxiety and Ego Formation in Infancy (1970), Mothers, Fathers, and Children: Explorations in the Formation of Character in the First Seven Years (1978) and the follow-up study of the sample at eighteen years, Evolution of Character (1992). In 2002, Dr. Brody published The Development of Anorexia Nervosa; a second edition came out in 2007. Her latest book is Beginning to Grow: Five Studies published by International Psychoanalytic Books.

The DSM-V and the ICD-9

There is continuing controversy concerning the development of the revision of the DSM. The APA has been following these developments, although you should be aware that the DSM is a wholly owned subsidiary of the American Psychiatric Association and it is this organization that will decide how and when the revision is published. At a recent discussion during the APA Convention, Ken Levy noted that the Axis II Diagnoses have aroused some controversy and criticism, although in general he felt there was sufficient recognition of the psychodynamic perspective that we could live with this section.

The leadership of Division 32 (Humanistic Psychology) has recently circulated an initiative requesting Divisions to sign an open letter to the DSM Committee to address the problems that may arise if the revisions go forward. In part the letter reads:

“We are concerned about the lowering of diagnostic thresholds for multiple disorder categories, about the introduction of disorders that may lead to inappropriate medical treatment of vulnerable populations, and about specific proposals that appear to lack empirical grounding. In addition, we question proposed changes to the definition(s) of mental disorder that deemphasize sociocultural variation while placing more emphasis on biological theory.”

Division 32 is asking psychologists and others to sign onto this letter and join the British Psychological Society and the American Counseling Association in raising these concerns. The Practice Directorate and APA Board have been promoting the idea of actually replacing the DSM with the new ICD-9, but it is uncertain what impact this would have as long as the DSM reigns supreme in its original purpose to support psychiatrist reimbursement from insurance companies. To read the petition, go to http://www.ipetitions.com/petition/dsm5/ and decide whether or not to support this campaign.

Corporations and Not People

Psychologists for Social Responsibility (PsySR) is an independent organization composed of psychologists concerned with social justice issues. Although not formally affiliated with APA, it works closely with other APA Divisions. It has sent around a position statement on corporations and would like psychologists to review this document, which begins:

”In recent years, a groundswell of movement in diverse areas has brought critical attention to the notion of corporate personhood, which bestows upon for-profit corporations the same protections afforded to real people. Psychologists for Social Responsibility (PsySR) believes that corporations deserve legal protections, but only as artificial entities—the original designation for corporations, prior to being deemed “persons” by the nation’s courts. PsySR therefore stands alongside the growing number of voices calling for broader action against corporate personhood.”

Go to http://www.psysr.org/corporate-personhood to review the entire document.

On a More Horrific Note

International psychoanalytic organizations and others are trying to raise concerns about a Syrian psychoanalyst, Rafah Nached, currently being held in solitary confinement in a women’s prison in Damascus. Jacques-Alain Miller of the Association Mondiale de Psychanalyse in Paris, established the Free Rafah Nached campaign to call attention to her plight. She appears to have been arrested solely due to her work as a psychoanalyst. The petition (in French, I couldn’t on in English; but it is easy to figure out) is http://www.oedipe.org/phpPetitions/index.php?petition=3

Let’s End on Some Good News

This from Nina Levitt, EdD, Associate Director of the Education Directorate: We want to share some good news with you regarding funding for the Graduate Psychology Education (GPE) Program and the Garrett Lee Smith Memorial Act (GLSMA) Campus Suicide Prevention Program. While work on Fiscal Year 2012 appropriations is far from over in terms of determining the final appropriations levels for these programs and others, positive advancements have been made.

As some of you already know, one of our Champions, Senator Jack Reed (D-RI), pushed very hard on behalf of the GPE Program during this appropriations FY 2012 cycle. Not only was he able to protect the program at its currently funded level ($2.927 million), he also personally requested that very strong Report Language be included in support of the program. More specifically, language was included in the Senate Labor, Health and Human Services, Education and Related Agencies (Labor-HHS) Appropriations Subcommittee report to reinstate the geropsychology component, initiate a focus on veterans and help integrate health service psychology trainees at Federally Qualified Health Centers to provide mental and behavioral health services to underserved populations.

Regarding the GLSMA FY 2012 funding, the Campus Suicide Prevention Program received nearly $5 million in funds from the Senate Labor-HHS Appropriations Subcommittee and, in addition, will receive $10 million from the Prevention and Public Health fund. This, too, was largely the work of Senator Reed. These competitive funds, administered by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, are available to centers on college campuses that provide mental and behavioral health services.

On a related note, Senators Jack Reed, Lisa Murkowski (R-AK), Dick Durbin (D-IL) and Tom Udall (D-NM) introduced a strong reauthorization bill for the Garrett Lee Smith Memorial Act programs (S.740), championing both the authority and the funding for the programs, especially the Campus Suicide Prevention Program. To date, there are a number of additional co-sponsors.